WEBDec 31, 1995 · A major thrust of our research program is the use of waste materials as coliquefaction agents for the firststage conversion of coal to liquid fuels. By fulfilling one or more of the roles of an expensive solvent in the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process, the waste material is disposed off exlandfill, and may improve the overall economics ...
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WEBAug 1, 2015 · Thermochemical conversion processes mainly include combustion, pyrolysis, gasifiion, and liquefaction [8], [9], [10], [11].Liquefaction is a lowtemperature (250–400 °C) and highpressure (5–20 MPa) thermochemical process during which the biomass is converted into three products, a biooil fraction (target product), a gas .
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WEBFeb 1, 2024 · It is well recognized that the high DCL reactivity of vitrinite of lowrank coals is ascribed to its structure characteristics. In specific, the aromatic units in these vitrinite are small, with 1–3 condensed rings, while the bridges and the side chains are generally composed of 1–4 carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atoms [11], [12]. Fig. 1 (a) is the structure .
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WEBDec 1, 2020 · Generally, biomass gasifiion is an endothermic thermochemical conversion of solid biomass fuel using gasifying agents such as air, steam or CO 2 to form a mixture of combustible gases which may include H 2, CH 4, CO and CO 2. The process is carried out at temperatures between 800 and 1300°C.
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WEBOct 1, 2016 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is an important way of coal conversion and is important to the global energy industry. In this paper, a typical liquefied coal–Naomaohu coal (NMHC)–was liquefied under mild conditions (400 °C, initial H 2 pressure of 3 MPa), and a NMHC conversion of % was obtained with an oil+gas yield of %. In the ...
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WEBJan 15, 2021 · Hydrothermal liquefaction is one of the most promising technologies to convert high moisture biomass into biofuels. However, understanding the liquefaction mechanism of different biomass fractions is still a challenge. The liquefaction of both lignin and cellulose is frequently studied, but the high diversity of biomass and processes .
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WEBOct 1, 1996 · Introduction Waste materials are increasingly being studied as coliquefaction agents for the firststage conversion of coal to liquid fuels. In a conventional direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process, firststage conversion refers to the formation of relatively heavy products (in the asphaltene and preasphaltene range) from the coal.
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WEBDCL technology was invented by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. This technology directly produces liquid fuels from coal with the basic process that dissolves coal at high temperature and pressure and adds hydrogen to increase the hydrogen content [11]. DCL is the most efficient technology among the three current technologies.
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WEBSep 1, 2015 · The heavy organic components in the direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR), such as asphaltene (AS) and preasphaltene (PA) have significant influence on the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) technology. In this paper, the molecular structure and size of two types of AS and PA from the DCLR of 6 t/d Shenhua process developing unit .
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WEBMay 21, 1996 · Coal liquefaction conversion to tetralinsoluble products was determined by changes in ash content in the partially reacted coal relative to that of the unreacted coal. ... A Novel Process of Biomass Gasifiion for HydrogenRich Gas with Solid Heat Carrier: Preliminary Experimental Results. ... (DCL) processes and technology for .
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WEBDec 1, 2016 · Block flow diagrams (BFD) of direct CBTL plants are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. technology is the core technology for all different configurations. Coal and biomass with a low biomass/coal ratio (8/92 wt basis, base case) are mixed with the recycled oil in the slurry tank, and then pressurized and preheated before being fed to .
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WEBDec 1, 2016 · Coal Conversion Processes. December 2016. DOI: / In book: KirkOthmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Authors: James G. Speight. To read the full ...
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WEBNov 1, 2022 · The cofeeding of coal and biomass and integrating high and lowtemperature processes can significantly improve the environmental performance of ICL [21], [22]. Coal to fuel ethanol (CTFE) is considered a promising substitute for gasoline in vehicles, but its environmental performances are much worse than those of fuel .
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WEBNov 1, 2011 · Some researchers have reported that coliquefaction of biomass and coal under mild condition (about 350°C) has higher conversion and oil yield than those that would be predicted based on a simple ...
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WEBJul 27, 2022 · Fundamentals of HTL. Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), also known as hydrous pyrolysis (Jazrawi 2014; Goswami et al. 2020b), is thermochemical conversion of biomass in a hightemperature pressurized environment (Yang and Yang 2019), in the presence of hot compressed water at subcritical conditions, mainly into a liquid product .
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WEBIndirect liquefaction processes require first gasifying the solid feedstocks into a syngas. Therefore, while direct coal liquefaction (DCL) takes coal directly into a liquid phase, indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) consists of two major steps: (a) gasifiion to produce a synthesis gas (syngas); and (b) conversion of the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen .
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WEBBiomass is often referred to as a carbon–neutral energy source, and it has a role in reducing fossil fuel depletion. In addition, biomass can be converted efficiently into various forms of biofuels. The biomass conversion processes involve several thermochemical, biochemical, and hydrothermal methods for biomass treatment integration. The most .
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WEBHydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass, and other macromolecules, into crudelike oil under moderate temperature and high pressure. The crudelike oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of MJ/kg and 520 wt% oxygen and renewable chemicals. The process has also .
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WEBFeb 1, 2000 · Maximum conversion (98%) and maximum oil + gas yield (70%) from this coal were obtained by impregnating AHM onto coal and carrying out liquefaction in H2/tetralin system at 450 °C for 30 min.
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WEBDirect liquefaction recovers oil from the raw material by extraction and/or conversion. The term 'recovery' is used in the broadest sense of the word, since most direct liquefaction processes also entail some form of conversion. The oil recovered from a direct liquefaction process usually retains some of the character of the raw material.
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WEBThis better knowledge of coal should make a significant longterm contribution to advanced coal conversion technology. Download Free PDF View ... Indirect liquefaction process coal is liquefied through the Fischer– Tropsch (FTS) process. ... Power 148:42–50 Vamvuka D, Zografos D, Alevizos G (2008) Control methods for mitigating biomass ash ...
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WEBOct 1, 2013 · Liquefaction of coal is a process whereby the macromolecular structure of coal is broken down by the addition of a solvent under moderate temperature and pressure to produce clean liquid fuels [1 ...
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WEBFeb 15, 2024 · Based on the multistage liquefaction process, asphaltene was prepared from Hongliulin coal and deeply liquefied with NiCoMo, CoMo, and Fe2 O 3 alysts. The yields of each component were obtained. Ultimate analysis, FTIR and XPS was used to investigate the conversion of oxygenic structure. The results showed that the ability .
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WEBNov 1, 2011 · Several experimental studies have been conducted for coprocessing coal and biomass using direct liquefaction processes [10,20,21], but those processes have been barely modeled at either equipment ...
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WEBApr 27, 2020 · A comprehensive model of thermal conversion as a function of temperature, pressure and heating rate of biomass has been provided. For the most important, basic process, which is pyrolysis, five mechanisms of thermal decomposition kinetics of its components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) were presented.
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WEBDec 1, 2021 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) at mild conditions (about 693 K and less than 10 MPa) is an important and efficient way for the conversion of coal to high valueadded chemicals and fuel oil. In the process of DCL, the pre‑hydrogenation of a recycle solvent is an important step and the recycle solvent is always heated from low temperatures to .
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WEBNov 1, 2019 · Therefore, the development of processes that would be able to convert biomass under milder reaction conditions (below 20 bar [101]) would be a step forward for the commercialization of lignocellulosic biomass conversion through liquefaction. However, the desired temperature range required for the process, 200–400 °C, .
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WEBNov 1, 2023 · The thermochemical conversion of biomass, including liquefaction, torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasifiion technologies, has attracted worldwide attention because these processes can convert biomass into alternative, sustainable, and ecofriendly fuels, such as biochar, biooil, and H 2 rich gas. However, there are some .
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